{"id":22851,"date":"2014-12-29T23:55:31","date_gmt":"2014-12-30T04:55:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.globalministries.org\/resource\/college_of_mission_mission_as_economic\/"},"modified":"2021-01-28T13:44:20","modified_gmt":"2021-01-28T18:44:20","slug":"college_of_mission_mission_as_economic","status":"publish","type":"resource","link":"https:\/\/www.globalministries.org\/resource\/college_of_mission_mission_as_economic\/","title":{"rendered":"Missiology: Mission as Economic Liberation and Cultural Identity"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>A focusing biblical text: Luke 4: 16-21\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhen he came to Nazareth, where he had been brought up, he went to the synagogue on the Sabbath day, as was his custom.\u00a0 He stood up to read, and the scroll of the prophet Isaiah was given to him.\u00a0 He unrolled the scroll and found the place where it was written:\u00a0 \u2018The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he has anointed me to bring good news to the poor.\u00a0 He has sent me to proclaim release to the captives and recovery of sight to the blind, to let the oppressed go free, to proclaim the year of the Lord\u2019s favor.\u201d\u00a0 And he rolled up the scroll, gave it back to the attendant and sat down.\u00a0 The eyes of all in the synagogue were fixed on him.\u00a0 Then he began to say to them, \u2018Today this scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Reflection Questions:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Describe the action and nature of God in this text. \u00a0<\/li>\n<li>What are the implications of this understanding of God for the church and the world?<\/li>\n<li>How does this understanding of God, the church and the world shape the practice of mission?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Description of Mission as Economic Liberation and <\/strong><strong>Cultural Identity <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; float: right; margin-left: 10px;\" src=\"{{ theme['That-All-May-Be-One-14bbmp.bmp'] }}\" alt=\"\" width=\"270\" height=\"134\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This mission emphasis assumes God\u2019s mission is directly in the world and recognizes interconnected global realities and relationships.\u00a0 An increasing breadth of what mission includes leads to more emphasis on identifying root causes of problems.<\/p>\n<p>These emphases take the prophetic strand of Christianity seriously by comforting the afflicted and afflicting the comfortable for the purpose of creating just structures of society in which everyone can experience the fullness of life God intends.\u00a0 This mission focus involves examination of how the privileged lifestyle of some is directly related to the oppression of vulnerable groups.\u00a0 It takes revolution seriously in questioning whether existing structures of society can be renewed in the image of liberation or whether they need to be replaced.<\/p>\n<p>God\u2019s action is identified especially among people in situations of political and economic oppression who live in the peripheries of society.\u00a0 Also in this emphasis, racial and ethnic identity are recognized as interconnected with such oppression and thus identity is integral to liberation.\u00a0 Key terms such as justice, liberation, solidarity, accompaniment, indigenization, inculturation, contextualization, and local theologies become important.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Illustrating Hymns<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201cThrough All the World, a Hungry Christ\u201d <br \/>\u201cLet Justice Flow Like Streams\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ecumenical meetings that articulate Mission as Economic Liberation and Cultural Identity:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Reflection Guides:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Outline world events during the 1970s \u2013 80s.<\/li>\n<li>Identify the role of the Church in mission in these excerpts<\/li>\n<li>Describe the purpose of mission presented in these excerpts.\u00a0 Discuss the positive and negative aspects of\u00a0 this emphasis of mission.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The 1980 Melbourne meeting of the Council for World Mission and Evangelism of the World Council of Churches used the phrase, \u201cGod\u2019s preferential option for the poor.\u201d\u00a0 This echoed the Puebla Conference of Latin American Catholic Bishops the previous year in 1979.\u00a0 The phrase refers to the identification of Jesus with the poor, divine judgment on oppressors, and solidarity with the poor and oppressed as a central priority in Christian mission.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.\u00a0 Your Kingdom Come:\u00a0 Mission Perspectives, Report on the World Conference on Mission and Evangelism, <\/strong><strong>Melbourne, Australia, 12-25 May, 1980<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Section I:\u00a0 Good News to the Poor<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe Poor and the Rich and the Coming of the Kingdom\u201d<br \/>\u201cThe Kingdom of God which was inaugurated in Jesus Christ brings justice, love, peace and joy, and freedom from the grasp of principalities and powers, those demonic forces which place human lives and institutions in bondage and infiltrate their very textures.\u00a0 God\u2019s judgment is revealed as an overturning of the values and structures of this world.\u00a0 In the perspective of the kingdom, God has a preference for the poor.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>#4.\u00a0 The coming of the kingdom as hope for the poor is thus a time of judgment for the rich.\u00a0 In the light of this judgment and this hope, all human beings are shown to be less than human.\u00a0 The very identification of people as either rich or poor is now seen to be a symptom of this dehumanization.\u00a0 The poor who are sinned against are rendered less human by being deprived.\u00a0 The rich are rendered less human by the sinful act of depriving others.<\/p>\n<p>The judgment of God thus comes as a verdict in favour of the poor.\u00a0 This verdict enables the poor to struggle to overthrow the powers that bind them, which then releases the rich from the necessity to dominate.\u00a0 Once this has happened, it is possible for both the humbled rich and the poor to become humanly,capable of response to the challenge of the kingdom.<\/p>\n<p>To the poor this challenge means the profound assurance that God is with them and for them.\u00a0 To the rich it means a profound repentance and renunciation.\u00a0 To all who yearn for justice and forgiveness Jesus Christ offers discipleship and the <br \/>demand of service.\u00a0 But he offers this in the assurance of victory and in sharing the power of his risen life.\u00a0 As the kingdom in its fullness is solely the gift of God himself, any human achievement in history can only be approximate and relative to the ultimate goal \u2013 that promised a new heaven and a new earth in which justice abides.\u00a0 Yet that kingdom is the inspiration and constant challenge in all our struggles.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>We wish to recommend the following to the churches:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Become churches in solidarity with the struggles of the poor.<\/li>\n<li>Join the struggle against the powers of exploitation and impoverishment<\/li>\n<li>Establish a new relationship with the poor inside the churches.<\/li>\n<li>Pray and work for the kingdom of God.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>(Your Kingdom Come:\u00a0 Mission Perspectives, Report on the World Conference on Mission and Evangelism, Melbourne, Australia, 12-25 May, 1980, Geneva:\u00a0 World Council of Churches\u2013 Council for World Mission and Evangelism, 1980, 171-178, 193-207).<\/p>\n<p><strong>B.\u00a0 Ecumenical Affirmation:\u00a0 Mission and Evangelism,<\/strong><br \/><strong>WCC Central Committee, 1982<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Ecumenical Convictions<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn the ecumenical discussions and experience, churches with their diverse confessions and traditions and in their various expressions as parishes, monastic communities, religious orders, etc., have learned to recognize each other as participants in the one worldwide missionary movement.\u00a0 Thus, together, they can affirm an ecumenical perception of Christian mission expressed in the following convictions under which they covenant to work for the kingdom of God:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conversion<\/li>\n<li>The Gospel to all Realms of Life<\/li>\n<li>The Church and its unity in God\u2019s Mission<\/li>\n<li>Mission in Christ\u2019s Way<\/li>\n<li>Good News to the Poor<\/li>\n<li>Mission in and to Six Continents<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Looking Toward the Future<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Whether among the secularized masses of industrial societies, the emerging new ideologies around which societies are organized, the resurging religions which people embrace, the movements of workers and political refugees, the people\u2019s search for liberation and justice, the uncertain pilgrimage of the younger generation into a future both full of promise and overshadowed by nuclear confrontation \u2013 the Church is called to be present and to articulate the meaning of God\u2019s love in Jesus Christ for every person and for every situation.\u201d\u00a0 (International Review of Mission 71: 284 (October 1982), 427-447)\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>C.\u00a0 The Gospel and Our Cultures Project<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This World Council of Churches\u2019 project creates study materials, including a video, to help people identify the variety of cultures in which we live as Christians, attempting to celebrate the plurality of cultures created by God.\u00a0 (Diverse Cultures, One Gospel, World Council of Churches, Friendship Press Distribution Office)<\/p>\n<p><strong>D.\u00a0 David Gill, ed. \u201cGathered for Life,\u201d Official Report, <\/strong><strong>VI Assembly World Council of Churches, <\/strong><strong>Vancouver, Canada, 24 July \u2013 10 August, 1983<\/strong><strong>\u00a0 \u201cWitnessing in a Divided World\u201d\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Culture: the Context for Our Witnessing<\/em><\/p>\n<p>#6.\u00a0\u00a0 While we affirm and celebrate cultures as expressing the plural wonder of God\u2019s creation, we recognize that not all aspects of every culture are necessarily good.\u00a0 There are aspects within each culture which deny life and oppress people.\u00a0 Also emerging in our time are certain forms of religious culture and sub-cultures which are demonic because they manipulate people and project a world-view and values which are life-denying rather than life-affirming.<\/p>\n<p>#7.\u00a0 Given on the one hand the richness and variety of cultures, and on the other the conflict between life-affirming and life-denying aspects within each culture, we need to look again at the whole issue of Christ and culture in the present historical situation.<\/p>\n<p>#11.\u00a0 \u2026we now have indigenous or local expressions of the Christian faith in many parts of the world, which present more manifestations of diverse forms of Christianity.\u00a0 The Gospel message becomes a transforming power within the life of a community when it is expressed in the cultural forms in which the community understands itself.<\/p>\n<p>#12.\u00a0 Therefore, in the search for a theological understanding of culture we are working toward a new ecumenical agenda in which various cultural expressions of the Christian faith may be in conversation with each other.\u00a0 In this encounter the theology, missionary perspectives and historical experiences of many churches, from the most diverse traditions\u2026offer fresh possibilities. (David Gill, ed. \u201cGathered for Life,\u201d Official Report, VI Assembly World Council of Churches, Vancouver, Canada, 24 July \u2013 10 August, 1983, Geneva:\u00a0 WCC and Grand Rapids, MI:\u00a0 Eerdmans, 1983, 32-34, 39-41).<\/p>\n<p><strong>United Church of Christ and United Church Board for World Ministries documents: <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; float: right; margin-left: 10px;\" src=\"{{ theme['That-All-May-Be-One-48.bmp'] }}\" alt=\"\" width=\"133\" height=\"192\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Reflection Guides:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Identify themes in the following documents that demonstrate how the United Church of Christ attempts to embody and reflect ecumenical mission emphases.<\/li>\n<li>How do these themes and actions effect the identity of the United Church of Christ?<\/li>\n<li>Do you see these emphases in the action of mission today (and into the future)?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>A.\u00a0 How We See It From Here<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Ann Lutterman: a Peace and Justice Intern in El Salvador during 1987\u00a0<\/strong><\/em>(on the significance of the ministry of accompaniment)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe very first time a group of heavily-armed soldiers entered the Betania Refugee Camp where I spent 6 months as a Peace &amp; Justice Intern, the terrified looks on the faces of my refugee friends reminded me why I was there.\u00a0 From the start I had been told that my primary role would be that of \u201cacompanamiento\u201d \u2013 the work of simply living with Salvadorans who feel threatened by the military, sharing their pain and suffering, acting as an international presence to deter the government from violating their basic human rights and serving as a witness when they did.\u00a0 But it wasn\u2019t until I talked with Colonel Murcia and saw for myself how much more respect he had for me as a U.S. citizen than for his brother and sister Salvadorans that I realized how important my presence was.<\/p>\n<p>During the next 6 months, the military made several visits to the Betania refugees.\u00a0 Sometimes just a truck or two of soldiers came.\u00a0 Other times, entire battalions of 450 or 500 men armed with M-16s entered the camp to search for weapons and people they considered \u201csubversives.\u201d\u00a0 Each visit, regardless of its length or size, caused considerable fear among the refugee population, and after each visit I learned more about the unbelievable atrocities committed by the military which eventually cause the refugees to flee their homes.<\/p>\n<p>I have no doubt at all that my role of accompaniment at Betania was much appreciated by the refugees and that my presence may likely have discouraged the military from taking greater actions against the camp residents.\u00a0 It is important to note that not a single Betania refugee has been captured on the premises since international volunteers have been living there.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0 (Whole Earth Newsletter, Winter, 1988,\u00a0 4).<\/p>\n<p><strong>B. Dan Romero, General Secretary, Mission Program Unit <\/strong><strong>\u201cA Theology of Struggle or a Theology of Success\u201d <\/strong><strong>1989<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn making my way from the Philippines through Taiwan to Japan in March, I witnessed a steady economic progression from one country to the next.\u00a0 There was extreme poverty and suffering in the Philippines, signs of rapid economic growth and development in Taiwan, and stunning economic achievement in Japan.\u00a0 The Mangyan people of Mindoro are just one example of the poverty that pervades the tribal people in the Philippines, a people nurtured on the land but who do not share in either its current productivity or in its future potential.<\/p>\n<p>To travel from one country to another in this progression, one could not help but observe shifts in the role of the church and its theological perspectives in each of those contexts.\u00a0 It would be too simplistic to say that the gospel became or had the potential of becoming more privatized as one moved up the economic scale because the social, political and cultural dynamics are far more complicated than that.\u00a0 But in a sense one could not help but wonder if the church does not run the risk of diluting the radical claims of the gospel as economic security replaces struggle.<\/p>\n<p>In the Philippines, for example, church leaders refer to a theology of struggle which identifies the cross of Christ as pivotal in the Filipinos\u2019 faith pilgrimage.\u00a0 The church is numerically strong, active and deeply committed to human rights. \u2026In Taiwan, the predominant Protestant presence is the Presbyterian Church, many of whose leaders have suffered at the hands of the government.\u00a0 Pastors are imprisoned for the \u201cpolitical\u201d thought as the Taiwanese debate their future vis-\u00e0-vis China.\u00a0 Aboriginal and tribal groups are a constant reminder that economic prosperity and equality are not experienced by all&#8230;During the past few decades economic change in Taiwan and Japan has been rapid and dramatic.\u00a0 With hardly any natural resources and with a war-damaged\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Economy, Japan, the producer of cheap export goods in the 1950s, now has one of the world\u2019s strongest economies.\u00a0 This economic growth has been based on political systems which have been generously called \u201chierarchical.\u201d\u00a0 Japanese governments have stressed obedience, conformity, sacrifice and hard work, as well as respect for authority.\u00a0 Japan is showing all the marks of a society encumbered with materialism\u2026The Koreans in Japan suffer indignities and second-class citizenship.\u00a0 The Buraku people are an artificially created class of Japanese whose vocations are disdained and who do not share in the fortunes of the society.\u00a0 The presence of both these groups challenges the church to risk its security and abandon its refuge for a far more visible role in addressing human rights.<\/p>\n<p>\u2026Our increasing awareness of a global mission and ministry may be what saves all of us from ourselves.\u00a0 As partnership relations among churches are nurtured internationally and opportunities for mutual sharing and reflection become more available, the struggles in the Philippines, like those in Latin America, the Middle East, Africa and other parts of Asia, may lift us out of our respective inwardness into a global arena where God\u2019s reign is truly experienced in the lives of people.\u201d\u00a0 (Whole Earth Newsletter, Spring 1989, 3).<\/p>\n<p><strong>C.\u00a0 Lois Wilson, a WCC President, <\/strong><strong>\u201cWilson Challenges UCBWM,\u201d Annual Meeting Address <\/strong><strong>United Church Board for World Ministries\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u00a0 1988<\/strong><br \/>(Wilson challenges her audience to consider the changing context in the world in which we engage in mission.)<\/p>\n<p>\u201cFirst,\u201d she said, \u201cis the shift in the axis of the number of Christians and the vitality of Christian faith from North America and Europe to Asia and Africa.\u00a0 The younger churches are no longer young.\u00a0 Where Christian community is growing fastest is in South Korea and in Africa.\u201d\u00a0 She suggested that we have things to learn from these Christians, including their perception that both Europe and North America<br \/>are now mission fields, that we are seen and viewed by many in the world as exporters of violence, that in many ways we are seen as putting the Christian faith into cultural captivity to our economic systems, which exploit the Third World.\u00a0 She also reminded her audience that in the global context there is the \u201cdiscovery of the poor being central to the message of the Gospel.\u00a0 The poor of the world.\u201d\u00a0 She added, \u201cAnd your church and mine, because many of us are not poor, we have to really find ways to be in solidarity with the poor.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u2026 \u201cThe second road that is closing is tribal theology,\u201d Wilson said, \u201ctheology that says we are the norm, we have it all figured out.\u201d\u00a0 Rather we need to hear what is being said out of the variety of contexts in which theology is being done today \u2013 feminist theology, black theology, minjung theology, and others.\u00a0 What they have in common, she suggested, was that \u201cthey start from the needs and the experience of people.\u201d And if we start there, we may be able to move from seeing mission as crusade to a mentality of vulnerability, \u201cwalking the road of the crucified one.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u2026In all this, \u201cChristians better be doing their biblical homework,\u201d Wilson said.\u00a0 \u201cWe need to be biblically literate and theological literate.\u00a0 By that I mean knowing what our story is, who we are, remembering who we are as the people of God, because, if we know who we are, we are likely to know where we are to be going.\u201d (Whole Earth Newsletter, Winter 1989, 1-2).<\/p>\n<p><strong>D.\u00a0How We See It From Here: The Rev. Robert Molsberry,\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Community Development Coordinator\u00a0 in Nicaragua, 1992<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201cSome kids pawed through our garbage yesterday.\u00a0 It was inevitable.\u00a0 We have the best garbage on the block in our Managua neighborhood.\u00a0 While our neighbors throw out banana peels and corn shucks\u2026we throw out\u2026jelly and peanut butter jars and two-liter plastic pop bottles.\u00a0 It was only a matter of time before we were found out.<\/p>\n<p>\u2026What do I have to give up to feel, finally, justified in the eyes of God and my sisters and brothers?&#8230;Too often\u2026we\u2019re motivated by guilt to unload our material things and live in atonement for real or imagined sins\u2026Look instead to liberation\u2026 (As spoken by an Australian aborigine woman) \u201cIf you have come to help me, you are wasting your time.\u00a0 But if you have come because your liberation is bound up with mine, then let us work together.\u201d\u00a0 I had been thinking too much in terms of the sacrifices involved in simplifying my lifestyle, and not enough in terms of the benefits.<\/p>\n<p>The conveniences that make our lives so comfortable also impoverish us.\u00a0 They isolate us from the most precious commodity of all:\u00a0 human relationships.\u00a0 Together, the marginalized of the world and we First World refugees ought to be able to forge a radically new future.\u201d (Whole Earth Newsletter,\u00a0 Nov. 1992, 5).<\/p>\n<p><strong>E.\u00a0Goel Bagundol, Missionary to the United States from the Philippines <\/strong><strong>\u201cMission Shifts the Gears of Faith\u201d <\/strong><strong>2000<br \/><\/strong><br \/>\u201cA divine appointment that redefined my commitment and orientation of God\u2019s ministry to our youth and children,\u201d was how Goel Bagundol described his experience with the Disciples of Christ Youth and Children\u2019s Camp in Kentucky this summer.\u00a0 He came from the Philippines as part of the Global Ministries program to promote shared life and mutuality with our global partners.<\/p>\n<p>\u2018Faith in God is not for an individual alone, but such faith is intended for the community,\u2019 Goel said.\u00a0 He found that in spite of the hi-tech world we live in, most of the campers he met had no idea how other countries had been suffering\u2026<\/p>\n<p>But Goel found that his presence there, and his conversations with the campers, \u2018enabled them to shift the gears of the faith into a more conscious Koinonia, \u2019 to realize that faith is present not only in this country, but also present in all the world.\u00a0 \u2018I do believe that mission is vital to opening the horizon of these children\u2019s faith, a horizon that unites them to a global community of faith.\u2019\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u2018Hope is what we are living for each day, and, as for me, hope is our ongoing struggle towards God\u2019s Shalom.\u00a0 It is a struggle of knowing, redefining, and working toward such goal.\u2019\u00a0\u00a0 In the first four camps, he found he often received a silent reception after sharing the story of the church in his country.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>He didn\u2019t know he said, \u2018If they were serious about it, ashamed of the destruction brought by American policies in the third world, or if they just wanted to drop the subject.\u2019\u00a0 Then, in the fifth week, in a Junior Camp, after he had talked about the struggles of his country, a young girl spoke up and said, \u2018Shame on us for doing bad things to your country!\u2019\u00a0 He was a bit shocked by the remark.\u00a0 \u2018And the best thing,\u2019\u00a0 he continued, \u2018was that there was another girl, an eight-year-old little girl, who said to me, \u2018Will you forgive us?\u2019\u00a0 Such innocent confession moved me to tears deep inside.\u2019\u00a0 Such a statement is one that Filipinos have been eagerly waiting to hear regarding actions of the U.S. government, he said, \u2018Oh, how I wished that all oppressed countries would hear such a statement.\u00a0 Oh, how I pray that the American government would make that statement.\u2019\u00a0 Goel felt his experience with the camp was wrapped up with such statements, made by the Junior Camp\u2019s small group.\u00a0 And he saw validity in his mission here, \u2018because of the hope I see now and the hope that I see in the coming future.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Truly, Jesus Christ wanted us to be like a child, a child who is willing to admit a mistake and willing to ask for forgiveness.\u00a0 Indeed, the door of Hope for Christ\u2019s church is open now!\u2019\u2026.\u201d\u00a0 (Whole Earth Newsletter, Fall 2000,\u00a0 8).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","topic":[20180],"region":[20049],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.4 - 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Global Ministries works with approximately 290 faith-based international partners in close to 90 countries. Our Vision: That all of God\u2019s people and creation share in God\u2019s abundant life.  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